I/O and Resource Monitoring

Tracking high load averages and tracing process-level bottleneck metrics across block devices.

vmstat 1 10
iostat -xz 1
pidstat -u 1

Socket & Connection Inspection

Querying active network sockets, listening ports, and kernel routing state.

ss -tulpn
ip route show
lsof -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN

Filesystem & Inode Verification

Validating storage capacity distribution, mounting state, and inode availability.

df -hT
df -i
lsblk -f

System Logs & Journal Diagnostics

Retrieving recent boot traces and filtering prioritized system messages.

journalctl -p 3 -xb
journalctl -u systemd-resolved --since "1 hour ago"